Sunday, January 26, 2020

Construct Theory of Personality | Analysis

Construct Theory of Personality | Analysis Describe Kellys personal construct theory of personality, and compare this approach with other psychological theories of personality. Over the years psychologists have developed different theories to define observable differences in individual’s personalities (Chamorro-Premuzic, 2011). The history of personality psychology datedates vack for man centuries and has been traced as far as four centries before Christ (Cervone, 2013). Earlier records of personality theories all tended to have a philosophical basis. Suc as Aristotle who believed that personality could be broken down into four facors, iconic which ddepicted an individuals social place within society (Ryckman, 2012).). During the mid 18th century personality theories began to move towards meurological assumptions to explain behaviour and personality which adopted an anatomy perspective, for example Gall argued that by measuring the skull explanations could be drawn regarding an individuals personality type (ref). During the 1920’s Freud famousy conceptualised personality traits in relation with conscious and unconcsioucs thoughts which depicte d behaviour (ref). The psychodynamic approach move towars humanist approaches to personality in the 1940’s and 1950s with Maslows development of th eh hierarchy of needs approach theoryRogers in the latte 1950s who argued that we strive to acieve our best according to our persoaity taking influence fro the likes of Maslow (Ryckman, 2012). Finally, cognitive psychology is the most modern approach to understanding personality. Cognitive psychology refers to the study of mental processes and adopts a more biological approach which has been integrated significantly into modern understanding of personality psychology (Eysenck Keane, 2010). Personality theories attempt to understand behavioural variation in individuals using a range of psychological characteristic definitions such as introvert and extrovert personality types (Chamorro-Premuzic, 2011). A significant amount of earlier research focused upon personality traits as being heritable particularly in the behaviourist and ps ychodynamic theories (Eaves, Eysench, Martin, Eaves, 2014) and before the 1950’s it was generally accepted that personality traits were inherited which followed with an influx of twin based studies (Allport, 1937). In 1955, George Kelly developed the personal construct theory. Personal construct theory was designed as an alternative approach to understanding individual personality which viewed personality as an individual experience (Maktby, Day Macaskill, 2007). During the 1950’s Kelly revolutionalised the ways in which personality and human understanding were approached by moving away from the behaviourist and psychodynamic approaches. Instead the personal consttuct theory was deeply scientific adopting a phenomenological approach which moved away from the more favoured observational approaches to personality research methodology (Chamorro-Premuzic, 2011). Using this phenomenological approach personal construct theory allows for variation to be made in personality so as not to refine it into categories but whilst also accepting that personality can change either thrugh individual of social influences (Chamorro-Premuzic, 2011). Additionally, the sceitnific approach to personal construc t theory means that it take a qualitative research perspective which give s the teory greater research power than other methods such as the psychodynamic and behaviourist which are heavily biased towards quantitative methodologies.(Ryckman, 2012). The personality construct theory changed personality theory in the 1950’s by presenting the view that people should be treated as scientists. Kelly argued that individuals undertake an ongoing experiment from which their understanding of the world continually develops ( Chamorro-Premuzic, 2011). Kelly believed that during this experimental process the individual would internalise ideas of reality which would lead to a greater understanding of the world (Kelly, 1963). Interpretations, observations, experiences formed the basis of the personality construct theory (Kelly, 1963). The personal construct psychology stance challences the notion that experience should simply be separated into categories of thining and feeling and how these impact upon individual personality and behaviour (Raskin, 2013). Kelly successfully argued towards a scientific, quantifiable approach to understanding personality traits however, the approach has received extensive criticism for failing to incorpor ate an account for emotion. Chiari (2013) has stated that previously Kelly’s approach to the personal construct theory has failed to include the role of emotion whch is considered by many modern psychologists to be fundamental to the development of personality. Chiari (2013) has stated that instead Kelly overlooks what would experiences which would normally come under the realms of emotion and suggested instead constructivist epistemology approach. However, it has been argued that the use of tese transitions o not aquately account for the role of emotion in human life (Chiari, 2013). For example, the cognitive approach to understanding personality has viewed personality relate to resulted in a deficit in the schemata which wauses issues relate to judgement and cognitive error (Eysenck Keane, 2010). Fundamental to Kelly’s approach and what seperates the pesnal construct theory from other approaches is the argument that expectation and prediction drive the human mind ((Maktby, Day, Macaskill, 2007). Kelly believed that from this events can be predicted and anticipated in a process of continual personal development which was not centred upon predisposed genetics or biological factors (Maktby, Day, Macaskill, 2007). Kelly (1963) believed passionately that personality development aimed for the individual to achieve utmost knowledge of the world around them from which they could develop a sense of self and belonging (Maktby, Day, Macaskill, 2007). Similarly to Kelly (1963) Rogers (1947) believed that perception of self was the driving factor behind behaviour and understanding of the world and based successful non-directive theory upon this principle Similarly to Kelly, Rogers believed that personality development was a lifelong, ongoing process of development (Rogers, 1963) . However, Rogers’s theory of self-actualisation has been heavily criticised for providing very limited understanding and application within human personality in the twentieth century and in modern western society (Geller, 1982). Viktor Frnkl was another highly inflencital humanist psychologist Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist.Frankl delwas highly influential in the development of existential therapy as well as being a source of significant in the development of humanist psychology. Frankl was a holocaust survivor and a great deal of his work fucesd upon seeing positive in the darkest of scenarios, his work on suicisde prevention strategies received significant attention.Frankl belived that people were innately driven by a desire to find meaning in life which allowed people to survive and overcome incredibly dark and traumatic experiences.Franks experience in the concentration camps shaped his therapeutic approach and philospophical approach to psychology. Franl’s work demonstrated the impact of socio-polictical influences on personal development by demonstrating the innate human drive to find positives in desperate circumstances and suffericng. George Kelly believed that humans had an innate need to gain knowledge and experiences from their environment throughout all stages of life (Butt, 2008). Dependent upon these life experiences the personal construct theory presented a flexible and highly person centred approach to personality (Kelly, 1963). Kelly believed that by constructing a situation based upon previous experience and what we have learnt from similar in the past allows individuals to be active problem solvers who can formulate accurate hypotheses for the future (Butt, 2008). One of the key strengths of the personal construct system is that the theory has allowed for reliable behavioural predictions to be made on an individual basis and throughout adult life which do not rely upon preconstructed personality traits or genetic factors (Butt, 2008). For example, personality trait theory focuses upon quantifiable personality traits which are used to predict individual thought processes and behaviour (Chamorro-Premuzic, 2011). Trait theorists have argued that individual personalities individuals can be understood in terms of returning patterns of thoughts, emotions and behaviour which can be scientifically examined using quantitative methodologies (John, Robins Pervin, 2008). However, there are a number of issues and implications relating to stereotype colliery when all individuals are categorised dependent upon their personality traits. To demonstrate this Lee and Adams-Webber (1987) conducted a projective test of the golden section hypothesis in a perosnltiy trait stereotypy setting. The golden raio is normally used in mathematics and refers to two quantifiable objects being in the golden ration if their ratio is equal to the ratio of their sum to the larger of the two objects qunantitities.Lee and Adams-Webber (1987) conducted a projective test o the golden section hypothesis during which twenty-fourtdents were required to complete a grid which categorise their personalities into ten comic book characters using twelve bipolar constructs as the basis for their selections such as â€Å"generous-mean†. The oerall results identified that the proportion of characters which were assigned to positive poles of constructs was 0.615 which was identified to be significantly in line with the golden section (approximately 0.618).That is, out of 2, 880 judgements, 1772 were identified to be positive in nature which suppo rt the mathematical model fo the golen section hypothesis. This These results suggest that the proportion of positive personality jusdemetns can be computed to be approximately 0.615 which is very close to the experimenters hypothesised estimate of 0.618. The experimenters have also reported that simpliar results were identified using similar sets of ersonality constructs. The study has also ifentified the negative aspects of negative judementss and stereotypes which can be construed base upo appearance nd impressiin the society.ons which cause individuals to assign a negative construct with further implications However, despite the limitations the trait theory approach to personality testing remains to be a popular choice by researchers due to the ability to provide an accurate description of an individuals personality which can be accurately assessed scientifically. Similarly to the person construct theory personality traits are universal and relevant regardless of age, race or gender however they are more concrete and less flexible which has formulated the theories main criticism (Ryckman, 2012). Furthermore, as th study by Lee and Adams-Webber (1987) demonstrated to an extent the trait theory approach does not adequately account for issues such as abnormal personality disorders and can encourage negative personality stereotypy (Chamorro-Premuzic, 2011). Throughout the history of personality theory, the hereditary and biological explanation has had a tendency to be overused in research. A substantive proportion of this work has relied heavily upont win and adoption studies. However, the reliance on such studies has caused a large amount of criticism in recent years where a more integrated approach to research has been favoured. Twin studies have a number of experimental biases including reliabilitu and replicability, the results tend not to be generalisable to the general population due to the unique nature of the twin relationship and nurturing environment (Eaves, Eysneck, Martin Eaves, 2014). Loehlin, McCrae, Costa and John (1998) investigated the heritability fctor of the Big Five personality imensions using data taken from the National Merit Trwin study The researchers used behaviour-genetic models to identify similiarites bbtetween the three separate measures the results of the model identifie that the Big Five personality dime sntions were significantly heritable and substantially so which was ine wih other similar studies. No significant variation was identified between gender, for measures agreeableness and conscientiousnsess shared environment was found to be measure specific and for estraversiona nd neuroticisim models which ncorporated a genetic element provided better fits.The results from†¦ are consistent across the majority of twin and genetic base studies for all five of the Big Five Personality Facts. For example, Jang, Liversley Vemon (1996) identified the following braod genetic influence on the five demensions of Neuroticism, extraversion, Openness, Agreeableneess, and Conscentiousness at 41%, 53%, 61%, 41% and 44% rerospectovely. Overall, it has been concluded that there is a strong genetic component to the individual differences basis to theories of personality which overwhelms theories of learnt traits (Ryckman, 2013). Overall, when Kelly’s theory of personality is compared to the humanist, behaviourist and psychodynamic theories, the approach provides an accurate scientific model for understanding personality and one which can be applied without limitation in childhood and adulthood. Personal construct theory has a significant streghth in its detailed and holistic view which has significantly increased understanding in individual differences in regardto personality rather than theoryies such as the trait theory (Eynsneck) which has viewed personality as being biologically determined and et in rigid categories which leaves little room for individual adaption and variation (ref).( Langdridge Taylor, 2007). However, there are issues of generalisability with the personal construct theory which are less of an issue compared with other approachs such as thetrai thery, References Allport, G. W. (1937).Personality. Holt, New York. Butt, T. (2008). George Kelly: The psychology of personal constructs (Mind shapers). Palgrave Macmillan: USA. Bleidorn, W., Klander, C., Caspi, A. (2014). The behavioural genetics ofpersonality development in adulthood- classic, contemporary and future trends. European journal of personality, 28, 244-245. Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2011). Personality and individual differences 2nd edition. John Wiley and Sons, UK. Cervone, D. (2013). Personality psychology. John Wiley and Sons, UK. Chiari, G. (2013). Emotion in personal construct theory: A controversial question.Journal of constructvist psychology, 26, 249-261. Eysenck, M., Keane, M, T. (2010). Cognitive psychology: A student’s handbook, 6th edition.Psychology press, USA. Eaves, L, J., Eysench, H, J., Martin, N, G, L, ., Eaves, J. (2014). Genes,culture, and personality: An empirical approach. Academic press limited, London. Frankl, V, E. (2008). Man’s search fofr meaning.Rider and Co, USA> Geller, L. (1982). The failure of self-actualization theory. A critique of Carl Rogersand Abraham Maslow. Journal of humanistic psychology, 22, 56-73. Jang, K, L., Livesly, W, J., Vemon, P, A. (1996). Heritability of the Big FivePersonality dimensions and their facests: A twin study. Journal of personality, 64, 577-592. John, O, P., Robins, R, W., Pervin, L, A. (2008). Handbook of personality, third edition : Theory and research. The Guildford press, New York. Kelly, G. (1963). Theory of personality: Psychology of personal constructs. W. W. Norton and Company, New York. Lee, C., Adams-Webber, J. (1987). A ‘projective’ test of the golden sectionhypothesis. Social behaviour and personality, 15, 169-175. Loehlin, J, C, McCroe, R, R., Costa, P, T., John, O, P. (1998). Heritabilities of common and measure-specific component off the big five personality factors. Journal of research in personality, 32, 431-453. Langdridge, D., Taylor, S. (2007). Critical readings in social psychology. The open university press, UK. Maktby, J., Day, L., Macaskill, A. (2007). Personality, Individual Differences and Intelligence 3rd edition. Pearson education limited, UK. Rogers, C, R. (1947). Some observations on the organization of personality.American psychologist, 2, 358-368. Rogers, C, R. (1963). The concept of the fully functioning person. Psychotherapy: Theory, research and practice, 1, 170-126. Ryckman, R. (2012). Theories of personality. Wadsworth publishing Co Inc, USA. Raskin, J,, D. (2013). Thinking,, feeling, and being human. Journal of constructivist psychology, 26, 181-186.

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Importance Of Tertiary Education

For many individual students preparing to graduate from high school, wondering whether or not they should pursue a higher education at a university or other learning institute is an issue that weighs heavily on their minds. It is a very difficult decision that depends on many different factors, such as the individual’s personal goals. Some students choose to go straight from high school directly into the workforce after graduating. Other students choose to go into the military after graduating from high school. While these are all different options, recent research indicates that higher education is extremely valuable.Recent research indicates that higher education is extremely valuable. For, individuals whom attended a university and obtained at least a four-year bachelor’s degree make more money on average than people who have never obtained a university degree according to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. In a study conducted by the United States Bureau of Labor conducted in 2009, it was concluded that someone with a four-year bachelor’s degree makes on average $20,748 more per year than someone without the degree.In a report done by the United States Census Bureau published in the â€Å"Current Population Report† by ? Jennifer Cheeseman Day and? Eric C. Newburger, it is estimated that high school graduates earn on average $1. 2 million throughout the course of a lifetime. It is also estimated in the report that individuals with a bachelor's degree will earn on average $2. 1 million total throughout their lifetime. As you can see, the facts show that getting a higher education is worth more value financially than stopping an education after graduating from high school.In addition to the high financial value of higher education, higher education also makes individuals much more intelligent than what they would be with just a high school education. The more intelligent an individual is, the better quality of life they a re likely to have. In â€Å"Wechsler's Measure and Appraisal of Adult Intelligence, 5th Edition† by Joseph D. Matarazzo, Matarazzo states that the average intelligence quotient (IQ) of a high school graduate is 105 points. He also states that the average intelligence quotient (IQ) of a college four-year graduate is 115 points.To quote Sociologist Linda Gottfredson of the University of Deleware, â€Å"IQ scores predict a wider range of important social outcomes than perhaps any other psychological trait; †¦ bright people have a tail wind in virtually all aspects of life. † What she means by this quote is that the higher an individual’s intelligence quotient, the higher the quality of life that they will have. This is true because those with higher intelligent quotients have higher problem solving abilities that correlate to better life qualities.In an Australian study studied by Gottfredson, motor vehicle fatalities were studied, correlating intelligence quo tients with motor vehicle fatalities. In the study, there was a direct correlation discovered between those with lower intelligence quotients, and higher death rates per 10,000 people. Ian Deary of the University of Edinburgh, in the United Kingdom did another study that shows how those individuals with higher intelligence quotients have higher qualities of life than those with lower intelligence quotients. For his study, he looked into the childhood intelligence quotient scores of a group of 80 year olds.In his study, he found that those who scored the highest on their childhood intelligence quotient tests were also the healthiest at age 80. These studies serve as evidence that having a higher intelligence quotient improves the quality of your life. College students who graduate with at least a Bachelor’s degree have on average higher intelligence quotients than those students who didn’t attend college, which means that those students who do graduate college with a de gree will have a better quality of life than those who don’t.Another reason why getting a higher education is very valuable is because it offers many new opportunities to students that they would be unable to get without having attended a university. Most, if not all, universities and other higher education systems offer many activities in which students will get to meet many other new students. Many students will meet new friends who often become some of the best friends that they’ve ever had. There are also almost always sports, clubs, and other activities to get involved with that would be unavailable to those not attending a higher education system.Many people participate on sports teams in high school such as football, baseball, field hockey, soccer, basketball, wrestling, track and field, and softball, to name a few. After they graduate high school they do not have many opportunities to participate in their favorite sports ever again. Whether it is for competitiv e purposes or just for enjoyment purposes, universities offer the opportunities to participate in some of their past favorite sports, or experiment with new ones.Another opportunity that students of higher education systems have exposure to that those who do not attend higher education systems do not have as readily available is the opportunity to study abroad. Studying abroad means taking educational classes in a country other than one’s own. Unless they are particularly financially wealthy, the majority of the individuals that do not attend higher education systems never get the opportunity to live in foreign countries for the entire length of a semester.According to a BBC news report, about 114,000 higher education system students study abroad each year at universities in foreign countries. Studying abroad is a great opportunity for higher education system students to take advantage of. When one studies abroad, they get the chance to learn about another culture through fir st hand experience, they get the chance to learn how to fluently speak a foreign language by merely being exposed to it for a period of time, and it is very prestigious to have on a resume. Author W. E. B.DuBois among other successful celebrities studied abroad. He studied at the university of Berlin in Germany for two years. Studying abroad is just another example of a way that higher education systems give their students more opportunities than those who do not attend them. Higher education systems can also be considered very valuable because they provide individuals with life skills that are essential to being successful in life. While studying at a higher education system, one is forced to develop essential time management skills much more so than at the high school level.With time needed for studying, attending classes, completing homework, relaxation, and doing fun things as well, one needs to manage their time in order to avoid failing out. These time management skills help o ut individuals later on in life. Another important life skill that individuals who attend higher education systems gain is money management skills. Some higher education system students work part-time jobs, but the majority are unable to find the time to do so on top of their schoolwork, so the only money they have for spending is either money their parents give to them, or money that they saved up before going to college.Either way, most students are on tight financial budgets that require discipline to maintain. Students learn to only spend money on things that they absolutely need, and to save up their money rather than spending it all at once. These money management skills help the students later in life. While attending a higher education system offers many positives, it also offers certain negatives. One negative is the fact that higher education schools are often very expensive. Colleges are expensive, and it is hard for a lot of families to afford to pay for, however this is not a good reason for not attending.If one starts early enough, they can save money, look into financial aide opportunities, and apply for scholarship opportunities to help pay for their tuition. It has already been shown that the amount of money that college students will make after graduation is much higher than the amount of money those who do not attend will make, so if someone can make sacrifices in order to pay for college then when they have a career someday they will make it all back plus more. Another negative to going straight to a higher education system is that people are getting later starts to their careers.Some people choose to work minimum wage jobs, or take other opportunities like opening their own businesses. These options are all respectable, and sometimes do end up making people large sums of money, but the facts given to us by the United States Bureau of Labor show that the vast majority of the time this is not the case. No matter how tempting it may be to tak e a good wage job right after high school, it is always more financially beneficially to attend a higher education system.In conclusion, the evidence shows us that attending higher education systems is extremely valuable. One reason that it is extremely valuable is that it offers many great financial benefits. Another reason is that it makes individuals more intelligent. Those who attend higher education systems also have more opportunities available to them than those who do not attend them. Attending higher education systems also teach great skills that are essential for being successful in life. In short, higher education systems are extremely valuable

Thursday, January 9, 2020

The Single Best Strategy to Use for History Research Paper

The Single Best Strategy to Use for History Research Paper If there's a modern development you're interested in, you could start looking for its historical roots or counterparts. The better ones are going to have database of works you are able to choose from to auto fill details. There continue to be many folks, out there, who just do not understand how to even take the very first actions to doing their family research on a computer. If you experience issues with your research, ask professionals to assist you. A history research paper employs primary sources to argue how and why events occurred before, along with the effect on human lives. While the effortless information can be gotten using the straight forward search box on a site, to locate elusive ancestors may require a particular application. Because of the various subjects the history of art is connected to and countless studies, there's a significant deal of information out there on several different topics. A hist ory of the history is known as a historiography. A Startling Fact about History Research Paper Uncovered Choice of a topic another major aspect to be thought about. Also make sure to want to know more about this issue. US History in Context is going to be great for contextual info about your topic. Key Pieces of History Research Paper Some of the greatest research paper introduction samples incorporate primary resources supporting the argument or research of the issue. Future researchers must be in a position to verify your research till they base their own work on your conclusions. If you believe that your evidence is solid, then you're probably prepared to start writingand at this point you have a good roadmap to work from! The Bizarre Secret of History Research Paper The majority of them are designed particularly for children and teenagers, and my students have found them tremendously helpful. Even though the College Board Art History AP website stipulates quite a few sample test questions and exam suggestions, it doesn't supply a comprehensive sample test. Indeed, some students become lost when they're given freedom in selecting a topic. Many students think that it is. Try to remember that one of the major characteristics of a brilliant art history paper is a fantastic introduction which contains your thesis statement that functions as an axis for your art history thesis. There's no exception for art. You'll be expected to compose many different kinds of art history papers. For more inspiration, have a look at the examples of art history research papers it's possible to write about. After all, many individuals feel this in art, exactly like in history and literature, an individual can write virtually anything and say it is his private vision, however incongruous it is. The importance of the Jerusalem capture couldn't be overestimated due to its meaning for the area of religion. The fantastic thing about history is it's all-encompassing. Therefore, whoever reads the essay is quite a bit more likely to feel your ardor and relish the content you've written. If you wonder why you ought to purchase art essays to use as examples, we can readily explain the reason why they are useful. Creating an amazing essay is easy. The sample essays they write can function as a guide for how it is possible to create your own project compelling and not simply complete. Whispered History Research Paper Secrets Art history research paper writing is an extremely intricate process. When you're writing your research paper's introduction, you ought to be building it around a par ticular outline that gives a general review of the paper. If you own a history research paper that needs writing then we will be able to help you. Your research paper should provide a fresh and insightful approach to consider about a historical issue. Thesis statement is the point that you'll be proving in your whole research paper. In your thesis paper, you can see the bit of art through the framework of a specific theory. After that it's wise to earn a research paper outline. An essay outline is an essential step which every student must take before writing a paper for virtually any class.

Wednesday, January 1, 2020

The Birth Weight Of A Newborn - 1261 Words

From the moment a newborn is birthed into the world they begin their physical development at a larger rate than any other period of their life. The first year of life is full of rapid physical growth in all aspects such as weight, height, limb lengths and even the physical growth of internal organs. On average, the birth weight of a newborn will double by the time they reach six months old and triple at the end of their first year of life. While weight is steadily increasing there is also an expansion of the babies head and chest as internal organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs develop as well. (Infancy, 2016) On average the head of a newborn makes up about 25% of their total length, which is the height. This can easily be seen by†¦show more content†¦The size of the brain increases due to the maturation of the brain which includes the forming of connections of neurons and increased cognitive development. (Lumen Learning, 2014) 2: Early Childhood Early childhood also produces physical changes but not to the degree to which infancy does. There are large increases in height, about 3 inches each year, and also gain weight, about 4 to 5 pounds each year. While it is important to recognize that there will be increases in weight gain, during this stage it is very important for the physical development of the child to take special care in their eating habits. (Lumen Learning, 2014) Early childhood is a very active time for children. Children can be seen, for the most part, constantly in motion whether it is jumping, running, or simply being unable to stand still. While children are taking part in these activities they are strengthening their gross motor skills. Most of the physical activity a child takes place in during this time with not be of a high skill level, such as a particular sport. Middle Childhood: The growth rates of middle childhood are generally slower than that of infancy and early childhood. On average a child will gain about 5-7 pounds and grow about 2 inches per year. During this time a child will also start to experience increased muscle strength and even an increase in lung capacity. Because of these things it is possible to children in this stage of development to engage in moreShow MoreRelatedAdhd and Piagets Theories983 Words   |  4 Pagescontrol emotions and learning (Low Birthweight in Newborns). Symptoms of this disorder range from mild to severe, and not all children will have the same symptoms. Although no main source is known to cause this disorder, doctors and researchers believe that ADHD symptoms are linked to neurodevelopmental problems (Low Birth Weight in Newborns). Studies are being done to conclude other possible causes, including low birth weight. Low birth weight is a term used to describe babies who are born weighingRead MorePoverty vs. Low Birt h Weights1042 Words   |  5 Pagesexist some evidence that poverty can result in low birth weight in newborn infants. On Prince Edward Island, low birth weights are currently the lowest as compared to the national average according to Statistics Canada. However, the link that exist between poverty and low birth weights leaves unanswered questions as to what can be done to reduce these low birth weights in newborn infants. The effect of Poverty on Low Birth Weight in Newborns Receiving good prenatal care is extremely importantRead MoreThe Use Of Tobacco Products During Pregnancy1326 Words   |  6 Pagesinfants’ birth in multiple ways. Maternal smoking during pregnancy impairs fetal growth and decreases gestational age thus, increasing several risk factors in the neonatal population. These risk factors are low birth weight (LBW), and premature birth. There is a strong correlation between both risk factors as it relates to neonatal long-term morbidity and also mortality. Infants who are born preterm accounts for a large percentage of early neonatal deaths and studies have exhibited that low birth weightRead MoreA Research Study On Preterm Birth1695 Words   |  7 PagesPreterm birth (PTB) is a worldwide problem defined as birth before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Many studies have associated preterm birth with cerebral palsy, epilepsy, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, as well as respiratory, vision, hearing, and cognitive problems (Platt). Being bor n too early leads to a lower birth weight (LBW), which is the main determinant of newborn survival. Increasing infant complications are seen as birth weight and gestation age decline (Bansal). According to evidence, bacterialRead MoreA Brief Note On Skin And Skin Contact Essay836 Words   |  4 Pagesmother and child. This practice should start immediately after the birth of the child, with the child lying naked and prone on the mother’s bare chest with a warm blanket over the child. By doing this after birth, it can help the child be less stressed since birth and the newborn environment in a hospital setting can be very stressful (Ludington, 2015). Evidence has even suggested that skin-to-skin contact between a mother a newborn child is the best way to provide comfort and changes the discomfortingRead MoreA Brief Note On Skin And Skin Contact Essay831 Words   |  4 Pagesmother and child. This practice should start immediately after the birth of the child, with the child lying naked and prone on the mother’s bare chest with a warm blanket over the child. By doing this after birth, it can help the child be less stressed since birth and the newborn environment in a hospital setting can be very stressful (Ludington, 2015). Evidence has even suggested that skin-to-skin contact between a mother a newborn child is the best way to provide comfort and changes the discomfortingRead MoreEssay On Perinatal Care1104 Words   |  5 Pagesskilled attendance has risen by a mere 12 percentage points since 1990 — from 57 to 69 per cent. Globally, only 59 per cent of children under age 1 have their birth registered at the time of birth. In the high mortality regions of South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, only about one third of infants are registered. Children must be registered at birth if they are to have assured access to services, such as health care and education. The annual report, produced by UNICEF, tracks the world’s progress in fulfillingRead MoreIs Development A Continuous Process?1138 Words   |  5 Pagesthat is to say, that a time evolutionary precedes the other and this in turn sits on the happened before. Therefore, it is so important to educate on the principle of totality, because the development of the child is global. The movements of the newborn child in the cradle are global, impulsive and undifferentiated, in a short time gain control and coordination along the stage of lactation (Calkins, 2015). The first year of life is crucial, in that it lays down the basis of behavior and of the skillsRead MoreResidential Distance To Public Housing Case Study832 Words   |  4 Pageswhile pregnant, parental ethnic group, method of payment, age of person participating and developmental age. The article conveyed that low birth weight is the third driving reason for death for African American babies. These infants were destined die one month after birth as compared with White European and non-African American children. Moreover, low birth weight babies and prematurely conceived babies are in danger for death with very little knowledge and understanding regarding why this is suchRead MoreCase Analysis : Kangaroo Care1365 Words   |  6 PagesKangaroo Care In the United Stated and most develop countries birth take place in hospital labor and delivery units. Physicians encourage expectant mothers to do so based on the fact that if an emergency arises during the whole birthing process, either mother or newborn would receive proper rapid medical treatment interventions. Due to these recommendations, many hospitals become saturated with high volume of expectant mothers being admitted for their birthing. If the amount of patients exceeds